Articles and Research
2nd Quarter 2012
for older articles, see the "Archived Articles" page
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Adolescents
Person-to-Person Interventions Targeted to Parents and Other Caregivers to Improve Adolescent Health A Community Guide Systematic Review. Burrus, Barri, et al.; American Journal of Preventive Medicine; Volume 42, Issue 3; March 2012, Pages 316–326. Adolescence marks a time when many young people engage in risky behaviors with potential implications for long-term health. Interventions focused on adolescents’ parents and other caregivers have the potential to affect adolescents across a variety of risk and health-outcome areas. Community Guide methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of caregiver-targeted interventions in addressing adolescent risk and protective behaviors and health outcomes.
Sexual Experience and Contraceptive Use Among Female Teens — United States, 1995, 2002, and 2006–2010. MMWR, May 4, 2012 / 61(17);297-301. The 2010 U.S. teen birth rate of 34.3 births per 1,000 females reflected a 44% decline from 1990 (1). Despite this trend, U.S. teen birth rates remain higher than rates in other developed countries; approximately 368,000 births occurred among teens aged 15-19 years in 2010, and marked racial/ethnic disparities persist (1,2). To describe trends in sexual experience and use of contraceptive methods among females aged 15-19 years, CDC analyzed data from the National Survey of Family Growth collected for 1995, 2002, and 2006-2010 (3). During 2006-2010, 57% of females aged 15-19 years had never had sex (defined as vaginal intercourse), an increase from 49% in 1995.
HIV, Other STD, and Pregnancy Prevention Education in Public Secondary Schools — 45 States, 2008–2010. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR); April 6, 2012 / 61(13);222-228. In the United States, 46% of high school students have had sexual intercourse and potentially are at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and pregnancy (1). The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States recommends educating young persons about HIV before they begin engaging in behaviors that place them at risk for HIV infection (2). The Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) also recommends risk reduction interventions to prevent HIV, other STDs, and pregnancy among adolescents (3). To estimate changes in the percentage of secondary schools that teach specific HIV, other STD, and pregnancy risk reduction topics, a key intervention consistent with those supported by the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and CPSTF (2,3), CDC analyzed 2008 and 2010 School Health Profiles data for public secondary schools in 45 states. This report summarizes the results of those analyses, which indicated that in 2010, compared with 2008, the percentage of secondary schools teaching 11 topics on HIV, other STD, and pregnancy prevention in a required course in grades 6, 7, or 8 was significantly lower in 11 states and significantly higher in none; the percentage of secondary schools teaching eight topics in a required course in grades 9, 10, 11, or 12 was significantly lower in one state and significantly higher in two states; and the percentage of secondary schools teaching three condom-related topics in a required course in grades 9, 10, 11, or 12 was significantly lower in eight states and significantly higher in three states. Secondary schools can increase efforts to teach all age-appropriate HIV, other STD, and pregnancy prevention topics to help reduce risk behaviors among students.
AI/AN Health
Working Effectively with Tribal Governments The course: Working Effectively with Tribal Governments is now available for everyone to take on-line. In this course, you will develop an understanding and awareness of tribal issues and concerns. You will learn how the unique status of Indian tribes and their historical relationship with the federal government affects government programs, responsibilities, and initiatives. There is no cost to complete the course thanks to the support of the interagency team: Environmental Protection Agency, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, Department of Justice, Small Business Administration, General Services Administration, Office of Personnel Management (GoLearn.gov), Department of Interior, Department of Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, Health and Human Services, Department of Energy, Commerce Department, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and Department of Homeland Security. To self-register and begin the course, select the link: Working Effectively with Tribal Governments
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Behavior
Data & Statistics
Health Care Reform
Laboratory
Evaluation of the Roche cobas® CT/NG Test for Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Male Urine. Taylor, Stephanie N., et al.; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Volume 39, Number 7, July 2012; 543-549. This study compared the performance characteristics of the Roche cobas_ CT/NG test (c4800) with the Becton Dickinson ProbeTec ™ CT/GC Qx assay (Qx) and Gen-Probe_ Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) assay for the detection of CT and NG in male urine using patient-infected-status (PIS).
Males
Other Topics and Resources
Partner Services
Effects of Screening and Partner Notification on Chlamydia Positivity in the United States: A Modeling Study. Kretzschmar, Mirjam, et al.; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; May 2012 - Volume 39 - Issue 5 - p 325–331. The objective of this study was to model the impact of increasing screening and partner notification on chlamydia positivity.
Evaluation of inSPOTLA.org: An Internet Partner Notification Service. Plant, Aaron, et al.; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; May 2012 - Volume 39 - Issue 5 - p 341–345. This article presents an evaluation of inSPOTLA.org, a sexually transmitted disease partner notification Web site in Los Angeles County primarily targeting men who have sex with men.
Provider & Patient Education Materials
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Social Policy/Health Policy & Law
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Transmission
Treatment
Recent Press Coverage Linking Azithromycin to Increased Risk of Sudden Death Several media outlets have reported on a study that links azithromycin to sudden death. Azithromycin is a commonly used antibiotic, often prescribed to treat respiratory infections, ear infections, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
As the public health agency tasked with researching and developing STD treatment guidelines, we want to take this opportunity to point out that the findings from this study may not necessarily apply to patients who are treated with azithromycin for Chlamydia or gonorrhea. It is important to note that a five day regimen of azithromycin was studied and discussed in recent media reports -- not a single dose regimen as recommended for Chlamydia or dual therapy for gonorrhea.
Do not modify treatment regimens for patients receiving azithromycin for Chlamydia and gonorrhea based on recent media reports. CDC’s guidance for treating Chlamydia and gonorrhea with azithromycin remain as follows:
Recommended Regimen for Treating Chlamydial Infections
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose OR Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days.
Recommended Regimens for Treating Uncomplicated Gonococcal Infections of the Cervix, Urethra, and Rectum
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose {OR, IF NOT AN OPTION Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose OR Single-dose injectable cephalosporin regimens}
PLUS Azithromycin 1g orally in a single dose OR Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days.
The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 can be found in its entirety at http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/.
Helpful Links:
The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/
The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: Treating Chlamydial Infections http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/chlamydial-infections.htm
The Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: Treating Gonococcal Infections http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/gonococcal-infections.htm
Return of the Clap. By Maryn McKenna, Scientific American, May 4, 2012. Gonorrhea, once a minor illness, is developing resistance to the last category of drugs that still works against it and could become untreatable.
